BACK TO PROJECTS
05

MATERIALS AS MACHINES LAB, 2024

Cellular Automata for Additive Manufacturing

Materials As Machines Lab

Can a structure be generated by a set of rules instead of being manually designed?

WHAT

I investigated cellular automata (CA) - computational systems where individual cells change based on simple rules and the state of their neighbours - and explored how these principles could be applied to additive manufacturing. The goal was to develop algorithms capable of generating self-growing geometries that could ultimately inform adaptive, self-repairing, or highly customized 3D-printed structures.

WHY

Traditional additive manufacturing starts with a predefined 3D model that is sliced, converted into machine instructions, and then printed. This means the geometry generally needs to be determined before manufacturing begins.

Cellular automata offer a different approach, shifting the focus from designing geometry to designing rules, enabling more adaptive and resource-efficient structures.

Potential applications include tailored material properties, biomimetic materials, self-repairing systems, and tissue-engineering scaffolds.

MY IMPACT

I developed cellular automata algorithms in MATLAB to generate 2D structures from different rulesets, then brought those designs to life through iterative 3D printing. After early print failures, I refined the algorithms to improve structural connectivity, successfully producing CA-generated structures.

Inspiration from nature, including a cone shell beside a cellular automata pattern
Cellular automata Rule 30, 60, 90, 110, and 150 patterns
MATLAB cellular automata Rule 150 code and visualization
3D cellular automata growth at time steps 10, 20, and 39
3D printer building a cellular automata structure
3D-printed cellular automata samples